Zeziphi iimvavanyo zonyango ekufuneka ndinazo ngexesha lokukhulelwa?

Ukuze ube nokukhulelwa okuzolileyo nobumnandi kunye nosana olusempilweni, kuya kufuneka wenze izifundo zonyango ezahlukeneyo, uyazi ukuba ziyintoni kwaye ziyintoni?

Iimviwo ezisisiseko:

• IHematic biometry: Ityhila ipanorama ebanzi yemeko yempilo yowasetyhini okhulelweyo, kuba ibona iimeko ezinje ngeanemia. Kuthathwa isampulu yegazi kuze kuvavanywe iiseli ezibomvu, ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets. Isigulana asidingi kulungiselelwa okanye ukuzila. Kufuneka kwenziwe ngokukhawuleza ukuba ukukhulelwa kufunyenwe, ekuqaleni kwekota yesibini neyesithathu. Ayinabungozi, isixa segazi esitsalwayo asichaphazeli umama okanye usana. Ivumela ukuqaphela utshintsho olubalulekileyo oluveliswa kwigazi loomama okanye ngalo lonke ixesha lokukhulelwa, kwaye ikwavumela ukukhangela iingxaki ezinokubangela iingxaki zokukhulelwa.
• Izinto ezine ze-chemistry yegazi: Ifumanisa utshintsho kumanqanaba eswekile, i-urea, i-creatinine kunye ne-uric acid, enxulumene nemetabolism yeeproteni kunye nokwetyiswa kweecarbohydrate. Isampulu yegazi yokuzila ukutya iyathathwa. Ngokukhawuleza kwenziwe ngcono, kwakhona ngexesha lekota yokuqala yokukhulelwa, enye ngexesha lekota yesibini yesibini enye ngaphezulu kwekota yesithathu. Ivumela ukubona ukutshintsha kwemetabolism ngexesha elifanelekileyo, iimeko zolawulo ezinje ngeswekile yokukhulelwa kunye nokuthintela iingxaki zokukhulelwa.
• Uhlobo lwegazi: Ifumanisa iqela legazi kunye nobukho be-Rh factor kwigazi likamama. Isampulu yegazi ithathwa kwisigulana ukuze ichonge iqela legazi laso. Kwimeko yesiphumo esincumisayo, kufuneka uyiqinisekise kunye nezinye izifundo ezithile. Kufuneka yenziwe kwangoko nje ukuba ukukhulelwa kufunyenwe kwaye kwenziwa kube kanye. Yenziwe kubo bobabini umama notata wosana olusakhulayo, kulula ukuqikelela nokwenza ngokuchasene nokungahambelani phakathi kwe-Rh phakathi kukamama nomntwana, ekukhulelweni kukamama kwesibini kunokuba yingozi emntwaneni.
• Uvavanyo lomchamo ngokubanzi: Inceda ekuchongeni iimeko zezintso kunye nomchamo, usulelo, kunye nokunye ukuphazamiseka okunxulumene nezifo zemetabolism okanye zenkqubo. Umchamo wokuqala wosuku uyaqokelelwa usiwe elabhoratri kwaye kwenziwa uphando ngemicroscopic kunye ne-biochemical ukufumana izinto zenkunkuma ezinje ngeglucose, iiproteins, ketone, leukocytes, erythrocytes kunye neebacteria. Kuboniswa kwikota yokuqala, yesibini neyesithathu. Ngokukhangela izifo zezintso okanye zomchamo okanye izifo kwangethuba, amanyathelo angathathwa ukuthintela iingxaki zokukhulelwa.
• Inkcubeko yomchamo: Ichonga ubukho bentsholongwane kumchamo, kwaye luhlobo luni na. Umchamo wokuqala wosuku uyaqokelelwa, ukuze ubekwe elebhu phambi kweendaba ezahlukeneyo zenkcubeko kwaye ubone uhlobo lophuhliso lwebhakteriya oluba neziphumo. Kufuneka yenziwe kwikota yokuqala yokuqala kwaye ngokukhawuleza ngcono. Ivumela ukuba isebenze ngamathuba ngokuchasene nosulelo olunokubangela iingxaki zokukhulelwa.
• Isiseko se-ultrasound: Yindlela esebenzisa amaza esandi ukujonga imifanekiso yosana kwiscreen. Inokuba kwilungu lobufazi okanye esiswini. Kuyanceda ukumisela ubudala bomntwana, ukwahlula ukukhulelwa okuninzi, ukubeka esweni ubungakanani bomntwana kunye nokukhula, kunye nokuchonga iziphene zokuzalwa ezinkulu. Kuyanceda ukufumanisa isizathu seengxaki ezithile zokukhulelwa, njengokuphuma kwilungu lobufazi. Ityhila ulwazi oluchanekileyo, kodwa ikwacebisa utshintsho olunokufuna ukuqinisekiswa lolunye uphononongo. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukwenze kube kanye emva kwenyanga ezintathu: phakathi kweveki yesi-8 neye-12 ukubala ubudala bemveku, phakathi kweeveki ezili-16 ukuya kwezingama-20 njengesikhokelo ukuba ngaba umfazi une-amniocenteis, kwaye kufutshane nokuzalwa ukujonga amanqanaba e-amniotic fluid kunye nokuvavanya iintshukumo kunye nentlalo-ntle yomntwana ngokubanzi. Ukuba emva kokwenza i-ultrasound yesiqhelo, ugqirha ukrokrela ukuba umntwana unesiphene sokuzalwa, uya kuthi ayalele i-ultrasound eneenkcukacha. I-Ultrasound ibonelela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo lokukhetha unyango olufanelekileyo ukuba luyimfuneko kunye nokuphucula amathuba okuba nosana olusempilweni.
• Isihlunu seglucose: Isikrini seswekile yokukhulelwa. Kuya kufuneka uye kwiiyure ezili-10 ukuya kwezi-12 zokuzila. Iyure enye emva kokuthatha isisombululo se-glucose, isigulana sithathwa isampulu yegazi eya kuhlaziywa elebhu. Ukuba umphumo ulungile, kufuneka kwenziwe olunye uvavanyo lokuqinisekisa, olubizwa ngokuba ngumlomo wokunyamezelana ngeswekile yomlomo. Kufanele ukwenziwa phakathi kweeveki ezingama-24 ukuya kwezingama-28. Malunga nokuchongwa kwesifo seswekile sokukhulelwa, imeko engabeka impilo kamama nosana emngciphekweni.
• VDRL: Ifumanisa izifo ze-venereal, ngakumbi igcushuwa, kuvavanyo lwegazi lwesigulana. Ayicacanga ncam, ke kwimeko yesiphumo esihle, kuyafuneka ukuyiqinisekisa ngezinye izifundo ezithile. Ngokukhawuleza ukuba kufunyenwe ukukhulelwa, kufuneka kwenziwe kube kanye. Ukhokela ugqirha ngendlela yokuphatha isigulana kunye nolona hlobo lululo lokuhambisa.

Ubungqina obukhethekileyo:

• Iprofayile yetotshi: Ifumanisa ii-antibodies ezenziwe ngokudibana ne-microorganism evelisa usulelo olubi njenge-toxoplasma, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex nezinye. Iqukethe ukujonga ii-antibodies ezichasene nezifo ezibangelwa zezi ntsholongwane. Ayisiqhelo, kodwa iyacelwa xa kukho umngcipheko othile, umzekelo xa umntu okhulelweyo ehlala neekati okanye enxibelelana nabantu abane-rubella. Ivumela ukuba isebenze ngokuchasene nomngcipheko wokuba ezi zifo ziphazamise ukukhula komntwana.
• I-Amniocentesis: Ifumanisa ukungalunganga okubangelwe lutshintsho lwechromosomal, iTrisomy 21 (iDown's Syndrome), iTrisonia 18 kunye neTrisonia 13, phakathi kwabanye. Ngokugqobhoza isisu sikanina, ngenaliti ebhityileyo nangaphantsi kwesikhokelo se-ultrasound, isampuli yolwelo lwe-amniotic olujikeleze umntwana lufunyenwe. Okwangoku lolona vavanyo luthembekileyo lokufumana utshintsho lwe-chromosomal, ngomda wokuchaneka kufutshane ne-100%. Kufuneka yenziwe phakathi kweveki ye-15 neye-18. Umngcipheko kukuba ukuqhomfa kwenzeka ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwenwebu, usulelo, ukwenzakala komntwana, phakathi kwezinye iingxaki, nangona oku kwenzeka kwi-0.5 ukuya kwi-1% yamatyala. Emva kwenkqubo, abanye abantu basetyhini bafumana iintlungu, ukuphuma kwegazi ukukhanya, okanye ukuphulukana ne-amniotic fluid. Olu vavanyo lwenza ukuba kubonakale utshintsho olubalulekileyo lwe-chromosomal kwangethuba kunye nokuchonga ezinye iziphene zentliziyo kusana.
• Ukuchongwa kweentsholongwane ze-antiphospholipid: Ifumanisa izifo zomzimba ezinokubangela ukufa kosana olungelulo, ezinjengezo ziveliswa zintsholongwane. Isampulu yegazi ithathwa kunina, ukujonga ubukho beentsholongwane ezinokubangela iimeko ezinjengeemithambo, phakathi kwabanye. Kufuneka kwenziwe kuphela xa ugqirha emisela, xa kukho ukukrokrela isifo se-immune, okanye xa umama ekhulelwe ngaphambili apho kuye kwabakho ukufa kosana olungekazalwa. Olu vavanyo luququzelela unyango kwangexesha lokuphazamiseka okuthile komzimba.
• Isiphawuli sesine: Ichonga iziphene zetyhubhu ye-neural kunye nokungaqhelekanga kwe-chromosomal njenge-Down syndrome. Isampulu yegazi ithathwa kwisigulana kwaye yahlalutywa elebhu kunye nezinto ezine, ezivumela ukuchongwa kotshintsho. Ayiluvavanyo oluthile, ukuba kulungile, isigulana kufuneka senze iimvavanyo ezithile ezinobundlongondlongo ezinje nge-amniocentesis yokuqinisekisa isifo. Kufanele ukwenziwa phakathi kweveki ye-15 neye-18. Ikuvumela ukuba wazi ukuba kukho umngcipheko wokuba umntwana aphethwe yi-Down syndrome okanye i-spina bifida. Kuluvavanyo oluluncedo kakhulu, kodwa iindleko zalo ziphezulu.
• I-Doppler: Ibona utshintsho lwe-hemodynamic kusana. Luhlobo lwe-ultrasound enencamathiselo ekhethekileyo evumela ukuvavanya ukuhamba kwegazi kwemithambo ebalulekileyo, kubandakanya umbilical kunye nengqondo. Kufuneka yenziwe kwikota yokuqala neyesithathu, ngasekupheleni kokukhulelwa. Kukhuselekile, kodwa kufuneka kuthintelwe kwiiveki zokuqala ezimbalwa. Ndiyabulela kolu phononongo, kunokwenzeka ukuba kwenzeke ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwimeko yoxinzelelo lomntwana okanye olunye uguquko lwe-hemodynamic.

Ukuhamba: MujerTop.com